Dysgu'r iaith sydd ei hangen i drafod papurau a rhaglenni.

So this title - can you guess what it is saying? Well, you may notice the word papurau which you may be able to tell means newspapers? Also, the word after that is something that usually goes with newspapers, and it is rhaglenni - programmes (as in TV). 

So this sentence dysgu'r iaith sydd ei hangen i drafod papurau a rhaglenni, means:

To learn the language required/needed to discuss newspapers and programmes (note the plurals) 

You may be confused as to why I have chosen to talk about this today? Well, it is my day off from work today, and so I am going to be doing things I enjoy (mwynhau) which is reading newspapers and watching rubbish TV - that is untill Brothers and Sisters comes back on!! 

So, let's start with some words to help out...you will need 'read' and 'watch'!

Read - darllen

Watch/See - gweld

Then...

Ydych chi'n...? - Do you /Are you...? (This is the singular, polite + plural)

So with this, you could ask...

Ydych chi'n darllen y Guardian? - Ydw. 
- Do you read the Guardian? - Yes (I do).

...or...

Ydych chi'n gweld y Newyddion bob nos? - Nac Ydw.
- Do you see/watch the news every night? - No (I don't).

...maybe change this to...

Bill a Ben - ydych chi'n hoffi Panorama? - Ydyn. 
- Bill and Ben - do you like Panorama? - Yes (we do).

Easy??

Well, you know that you would use these ^ for people that you do not know, or who you respect, someone who is older than you, or someone you want to show respect.

So, how would you ask a friend, brother or sister...well we change the Ydych chi'n  to Wyt ti'n don't we. 

So a few sentences using this structure would be...

Wyt ti'n.....? - Do you / are you.....? (This is the singular + familiar form of Ydych chi'n)

So

, you may want to ask...

Wyt ti'n mwynhau 'Neighbours'? - Ydw. 

- Do you enjoy 'Neighbours'? - Yes (I do).

Wyt ti'n prynu papur newydd bob dydd? - Nac ydw.
- Do you buy a newspaper every day? - No (I don't).

(As in English, you can say Papers or Newspapers and people know what you are saying. This applies to Welsh aswell)

Or you can just change the sentences above.

Now, just incase you thought that was easy...I am going to throw something in to mess it up a little, but don't worry about it to much...here goes...

Beth rydych chi'n (ei) ddarllen?
- What do you read / are you reading?

Beth rwyt ti'n (ei) wylio bob nos?
- What do you watch every every night?

Notice how the little word 'ei' is used between 'yn' and the verb-noun in all 'Beth rydych chi / rwyt ti?' questions.

You might not hear this 'ei' in ordinary speech, as it is used in the written form, but you can miss it out too - but you will hear the soft mutation it causes.

Some more questions...and another words...

'Pa' is followed by a Soft Mutation:

Pa bapur? - Which paper?
Pa raglen? - Which programme?

Pa bapur rwyt ti'n (ei) ddarllen?
- Which paper do you read?

Pa raglen rydych chi'n (ei) hoffi?
- Which programme do you like?

Notice how this word 'ei' is used in 'Pa?' questions also.

hoff bapur / raglen - favourite paper / programme

Adjectives usually follow the noun in Welsh - but 'hoff' is an exception to the rule. It precedes the noun - and causes a Soft Mutation.

eich hoff..... - your favourite..... (singular polite and plural)
dy hoff..... - your favourite..... (singular familiar)
fy hoff..... - my favourite.....

Some more, I told you this was going to be a long session...

'Ydy' is used to convey 'is / are' when it is followed by a definite noun or pronoun.

Beth ydy eich hoff bapur?
- What is you

r favourite paper?

(Fy hoff bapur ydy) 'The Financial Times'. 
- (My favourite paper is) 'The Financial Times'.
'The Financial Times' (ydy fy hoff bapur).
- 'The Financial Times' (is my favourite paper).


Beth ydy dy hoff raglen deledu?
- What is your favourite T.V. programme?
(Fy hoff raglen deledu ydy) 'Panorama'.
- (My favourite T.V. programme is) 'Panorama'.
'Panorama' (ydy fy hoff raglen deledu).
- 'Panorama' (is my favourite T.V. programme).

In Welsh, we don't have to answer in complete sentences so the part in brackets can be omitted if you cant remember how to answer, but notice it is similar to the questions.


Now - 

Gorffennol - Past tense

'Did you?' questions are formed by adding endings to the root of regular verbs. To form the 'polite' question we add - och.


Notice that the verb is mutated.
gweld - Weloch chi? - Did you see?
clywed - Glywoch chi? - Did you hear?
darllen - Ddarllenoch chi? - Did you read?
mwynhau - Fwynheuoch chi? - Did you enjoy?
prynu - Brynoch chi? - Did you buy?


The 'familiar' question is formed by adding -aist to the root of the verb.
gweld - Welaist ti? - Did you see?
clywed - Glywaist - Did you hear?
darllen - Ddarllenaist ti? - Did you read?
mwynhau - Fwynheuaist ti? - Did you enjoy?
prynu - Brynaist ti? - Did you buy?


Answers to these would be:
Do - Yes Naddo - No

Weloch chi 'Newsnight' neithiwr? - Do. - Did you see 'Newsnight' last night? - Yes.
Glywaist ti 'Woman's Hour' ddoe? - Naddo. - Did you hear 'Woman's Hour' yesterday? - No.
Ddarllenoch chi'r papur y bore' ma? - Do. - Did you read the paper this morning? - Yes.
Fwynheuaist ti'r rhaglen? - Naddo. - Did you enjoy the programme? - No.




Well, that is the lesson for today!! This has taken me 2 and half hours!! So, I must get on with some useless stuff now!  


Happy learning, any questions, then leave a comment, or get me on Twitter @bambinobennyboi or Facebook < click


I hope this is not too much for you to take in, if it is then just keep coming back to it. I have purposefully given loads here as I feel bad for not updating it as much as I would like.


Take it easy, and until the next time - Hwyl fawr!